The Four Keys to ID
- Size & Shape
The Northern Cardinal is a fairly large, long-tailed songbird with a short, very thick bill and a prominent crest. Cardinals often sit with a hunched-over posture and with the tail pointed straight down.
Relative Size
Slightly smaller than an American Robin

between sparrow and robinMeasurements
- Both Sexes
- Length: 8.3-9.1 in (21-23 cm)
- Weight: 1.5-1.7 oz (42-48 g)
- Wingspan: 9.8-12.2 in (25-31 cm)
© Michel Laquerre / Macaulay Library
- Color Pattern
- Behavior
- Habitat
Regional Differences
Ornithologists recognize two Northern Cardinal subspecies groups: “Common” and “Long-crested.” The “Common” group is the common, widespread group found across nearly the entire range of the species. The “Long-crested” group, which has sometimes been treated as a separate species, is restricted to a narrow stretch of coastal western Mexico from Colima to Oaxaca. As the name suggests, the “Long-crested” group has longer crest feathers, and the upper mandible is shallower than in the “Common” group.














